CLINICAL APPLICATION OF INTRAVESICAL BOTULINUM TOXIN TYPE A FOR OVERACTIVE BLADDER AND INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS

After decades of clinical and basic science research, the clinical application of botulinum toxin A (Botox) in urology has been extended to neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO), idiopathic detrusor overactivity, refractory overactive bladder (OAB), interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS), lower urinary tract symptoms, benign prostati

Tea Cup The air content and void structure of hardened shotcrete is essential for its durability and resistance against freeze thaw damage.However, producing a mix which is pumpable, shootable, and also meets durability requirements is not always easy.The situation is further complicated when adding fibres to the mix.This paper presents some observ